1. Gypsum powder for grouting

陶瓷消費中注漿成形的瓷種（種類）較多。日用陶瓷大件異型件、衛生陶瓷、理化瓷、陶瓷燒成用的一些窯具等都采用注漿成形消費。注漿成形主要請求石膏模型的吸水性能。普通采用普通β石膏粉或局部采用α與β按比例混合的石膏粉，細度普通為80目～120目。石膏和水的比例普通在(1.2～1.46):1。依據瓷種和消費工藝的不同，石膏和水的比例有所區別。例如日用陶瓷和理化瓷的小件注漿消費中，由于是常壓成形且體積較小，對模型強度請求不高，主要強調模型的吸水性，故石膏和水的比例普通在1.2:1左右。這種模型的吸水率普通為45%～50%，干抗折強度在2.8～3.5Mpa 。而衛生陶瓷微壓注漿成形消費和日用陶瓷的壓力注漿消費中，普通體積較大，除了主要強調模型吸水性之外，還對模型的強度提出嚴厲的請求，故石膏和水的比例請求大些，普通在(1.35～1.5):1。這種模型的吸水率普通在35%～42%，干抗折強度在 3.8～4.5 Mpa。

There are many kinds of grouting ceramics in ceramic consumption. Grouting is used to form large abnormal parts of domestic ceramics, sanitary ceramics, physical and chemical ceramics, and some kilns for firing ceramics. The water absorption of gypsum model is the main requirement of grouting forming. Ordinary use of ordinary beta gypsum powder or local use of a and beta proportionally mixed gypsum powder, the fineness of ordinary 80 mesh to 120 mesh. The ratio of gypsum to water is (1.2-1.46): 1. The proportion of gypsum to water varies according to the type of porcelain and the consumption process. For example, in grouting consumption of daily-used ceramics and physicochemical ceramics, the ratio of gypsum to water is generally about 1.2:1, because of its atmospheric pressure forming and small volume and low requirement for model strength, which mainly emphasizes the water absorption of the model. The water absorption of this model is generally 45%-50%, and the dry flexural strength is 2.8-3.5 Mpa. In the consumption of micro-pressure grouting for sanitary ceramics and the consumption of pressure grouting for daily ceramics, the general volume is larger. Besides emphasizing the water absorption of the model, strict requests are also made for the strength of the model. Therefore, the ratio of gypsum to water is larger, generally in (1.35-1.5): 1. The water absorption of this model is generally 35%-42%, and the dry flexural strength is 3.8-4.5 Mpa.

2、滾壓成形用石膏粉

2. Gypsum Powder for Rolling Forming

滾壓成形是日用陶瓷主要的成形辦法。其主要強調模型的強度，使模型接受較激烈的耐磨和抗沖擊才能，同時也請求模型有一定的吸水性能和耐高溫性能。運用的石膏粉主要是高強度α石膏粉。石膏和水的比例普通在(1.6～1.8):1，模型的吸水率普通在27%～31%。為了確保模型的強度和避免變形，依據石膏粉不同消費廠家、產品體積的大小和陰陽模成形工藝方式的不同，可微調石膏粉和水的比例，普通體積小的比例小些，在(1.6～1.7):1；體積大的比例高些，在(1.7～1.8):1，有的以至再高些到達2.0:1，這時模型的吸水率在22%～23%。

Rolling forming is the main forming method of domestic ceramics. It mainly emphasizes the strength of the model, so that the model can accept more intense wear resistance and impact resistance. At the same time, it also requests that the model has certain water absorption and high temperature resistance. The main gypsum powder used is high strength alpha gypsum powder. The ratio of gypsum to water is (1.6-1.8): 1, and the water absorption of the model is 27-31%. In order to ensure the strength and avoid deformation of the model, the proportion of plaster powder to water can be fine-tuned according to the different consumption factories of plaster powder, the volume of products and the forming process of Yin-Yang die. The proportion of plaster powder to water is smaller than that of ordinary volume, which is (1.6-1.7): 1; the proportion of large volume is higher, which is (1.7-1.8): 1, or even higher. When it reaches 2.0:1, the water absorption of the model is 22%-23%.

3、塑壓成形用石膏粉

3. Gypsum Powder for Plastic Compression Forming

塑壓成形是日用陶瓷一種特殊的成形工藝辦法，也叫冷塑壓成形。它是隨著日用陶瓷行業異形件、大件的越來越多而開展起來的，特別適用于帶浮雕圖案的大件和異型件產品。關于滾壓成形無法消費的種類，除了采用注漿成形辦法外，就是采用這種塑壓成形工藝方式。所運用的石膏粉也是高強α石膏粉。石膏和水的比例普通運用在(1.6～1.8):1，模型的吸水率普通在27%～31%。其主要強調模型的強度、耐磨性和有較低的收縮系數，同時也請求模型有一定的吸水性和透氣性能。

Plastic compression forming is a special forming process for daily-use ceramics, also known as cold plastic compression forming. It is developed with more and more special-shaped and large parts in daily-use ceramics industry. It is especially suitable for large and special-shaped parts with relief patterns. As for the types of rolling forming that can not be consumed, besides grouting, this plastic forming process is adopted. The gypsum powder used is also high strength alpha gypsum powder. The ratio of gypsum to water is generally used in (1.6-1.8): 1. The water absorption rate of the model is usually 27-31%. It mainly emphasizes the strength, wear resistance and low shrinkage coefficient of the model. At the same time, it requests that the model has certain water absorption and air permeability.

4、母模用石膏粉

4. Gypsum powder for mother mould

也叫樹脂石膏或K型粉，普通細度在250～300目。它是在α石膏粉中參加特殊的化學添加劑，或者在α石膏炒制加工過程中采用特殊的工藝，改善了高強α石膏粉的構造性質，構成特殊的高強石膏粉。這種石膏粉對吸水率不做請求，主要是請求強度高、硬度高、收縮率要低以及胎型外表要有較高的潤滑度、光亮度。這種石膏粉的規范稠度需水量極低，消費中石膏和水的比例可到達（2.3～2.85）:1，凝固時間長，可攪拌10～15min不凝固，其干抗折強度可到達11.5Mpa。實踐消費經歷標明，在如此高的比例下石膏漿體的活動性能、凝結性能依然良好，工藝操作仍能正常順利停止，且石膏的收縮率很小。但需求留意的是，此石膏在如此高的比例下，初凝、終凝距離的時間太短（僅僅在1min左右），一旦到初凝時間，馬上會凝固，在操作時尤為留意。

Also known as resin gypsum or K-type powder, the general fineness of 250-300 mesh. It participates in special chemical additives in alpha gypsum powder, or adopts special technology in the process of alpha gypsum stir-frying, which improves the structural properties of high strength alpha gypsum powder and forms special high strength gypsum powder. This kind of gypsum powder does not request water absorption, mainly requests high strength, high hardness, low shrinkage and high lubricity and brightness of the tire appearance. The standard consistency of this kind of gypsum powder is very low. The ratio of gypsum to water in consumption can reach (2.3-2.85): 1. It can be stirred for 10-15 minutes without solidification, and its dry flexural strength can reach 11.5 Mpa. Practical consumption experience shows that the activity and condensation performance of gypsum paste are still good at such a high proportion, the process operation can still stop smoothly, and the shrinkage rate of gypsum is very small. But the need to note that the gypsum in such a high proportion, the initial setting, the final setting distance of the time is too short (only about 1 minute), once the initial setting time, will immediately solidify, especially in operation.

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